暖通空調系統設計中幾個問題的探討
信息來(lai)源：中國科技博(bo)覽
摘要(yao)(yao)：隨著人們(men)生活水平的(de)提高，暖(nuan)(nuan)通(tong)(tong)空(kong)調(diao)越來(lai)越受到青睞，其(qi)設計安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)也就(jiu)成(cheng)了倍受關注的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。本(ben)文對(dui)暖(nuan)(nuan)通(tong)(tong)空(kong)調(diao)設計中存在的(de)一(yi)些常(chang)見問(wen)題(ti)進(jin)行(xing)了分(fen)析探討(tao)。暖(nuan)(nuan)通(tong)(tong)空(kong)調(diao)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設計工(gong)(gong)程是(shi)建筑工(gong)(gong)程中一(yi)個重要(yao)(yao)的(de)分(fen)部工(gong)(gong)程，暖(nuan)(nuan)通(tong)(tong)空(kong)調(diao)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設計應嚴格按規范和(he)(he)驗評標準(zhun)要(yao)(yao)求，采用(yong)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)技術手段和(he)(he)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)藝，對(dui)各分(fen)項、系統(tong)進(jin)行(xing)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)(he)調(diao)試，經(jing)過試運行(xing)考核是(shi)否(fou)能(neng)滿足(zu)預期的(de)功能(neng)需要(yao)(yao)。目前(qian)，暖(nuan)(nuan)通(tong)(tong)空(kong)調(diao)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設計存在一(yi)些問(wen)題(ti)。
1暖通空調(diao)系(xi)統的概(gai)述
一(yi)(yi)般(ban)“空(kong)調(diao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)”包(bao)括制冷供曖系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，新(xin)風系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，排(pai)風(排(pai)油(you)煙)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合設計。所以說“暖通 從功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)上(shang)說是(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個組成部(bu)分(fen) 從建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設計來(lai)說，他是(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個分(fen)項。并不是(shi)單指(zhi)“空(kong)調(diao)”。需(xu)要(yao)說明的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)點是(shi)：“空(kong)調(diao) 在一(yi)(yi)個建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)“中央空(kong)調(diao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong) ，也可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)“中央空(kong)調(diao)與(yu)獨(du)立空(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)混合系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong) ，也可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)全部(bu)是(shi)“獨(du)立空(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)”。一(yi)(yi)切根據建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)以及投資者的(de)(de)(de)(de)意向和實(shi)際需(xu)要(yao)而定。
暖(nuan)通(tong)(tong)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)安(an)(an)裝設(she)(she)計(ji)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是建筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中一個(ge)重(zhong)要的(de)分部工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，暖(nuan)通(tong)(tong)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)安(an)(an)裝設(she)(she)計(ji)應(ying)嚴格按規范和(he)驗評標準要求，采用必要的(de)技(ji)術(shu)手(shou)段和(he)安(an)(an)裝工(gong)藝，對各分項、系(xi)統(tong)進(jin)行(xing)安(an)(an)裝和(he)調(diao)(diao)試，經過試運行(xing)考(kao)核是否能滿足(zu)預期的(de)功能需要。目前(qian)，暖(nuan)通(tong)(tong)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)安(an)(an)裝設(she)(she)計(ji)存在一些問(wen)題。
2現階(jie)段曩曩空調工(gong)程設(she)計中(zhong)存在的問蕊(rui)
l、供暖入(ru)口設置(zhi)過多設置(zhi)供暖人口時，既要考(kao)慮(lv)室(shi)(shi)內(nei)供暖系(xi)統的(de)(de)合(he)理性，又要考(kao)慮(lv)與室(shi)(shi)外管線銜接的(de)(de)合(he)理性，不能只圖室(shi)(shi)內(nei)系(xi)統設計方便(bian)、省事，而(er)不顧及室(shi)(shi)外管網系(xi)統。然(ran)而(er)，有的(de)(de)工程(cheng)供暖入(ru)口設置(zhi)過多。不僅給外線施工造成麻(ma)煩，也給將來室(shi)(shi)內(nei)系(xi)統調節帶(dai)來不便(bian)。
2、供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖系(xi)(xi)統(tong)設計不(bu)合(he)(he)理供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖系(xi)(xi)統(tong)設計存在不(bu)合(he)(he)理之處：①有(you)的(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖系(xi)(xi)統(tong)由l條主立(干)管(guan)(guan)(guan)引進(jin)(jin)，分幾個環路(lu)，分環上不(bu)設閥門，給系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運行(xing)(xing)調(diao)節、維修管(guan)(guan)(guan)理造成(cheng)不(bu)便。@有(you)的(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)布置不(bu)合(he)(he)理，與(yu)建筑專業不(bu)易協調(diao)，或(huo)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖立管(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)接(jie)立在窗子上，既(ji)影(ying)響(xiang)使(shi)用，又不(bu)雅觀，或(huo)者供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖水(shui)平管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)敷設在通道(dao)的(de)地(di)面上，既(ji)影(ying)響(xiang)行(xing)(xing)走，又不(bu)便物品放置。③有(you)的(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、回水(shui)干管(guan)(guan)(guan)高點漏設排氣(qi)裝置，一(yi)旦集氣(qi)，難以排除，影(ying)響(xiang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)使(shi)用。④有(you)的(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖系(xi)(xi)統(tong)為同(tong)(tong)程式(shi)，一(yi)個環路(lu)單程長300 m，致使(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、回水(shui)干管(guan)(guan)(guan)坡度很難達到規(gui)范規(gui)定的(de)不(bu)小于0.002的(de)要(yao)求。⑤有(you)的(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖系(xi)(xi)統(tong)為雙側(ce)連(lian)接(jie)，兩(liang)側(ce)熱負荷及散(san)熱器(qi)數量相差懸殊，而兩(liang)則(ze)散(san)熱器(qi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、回水(shui)支管(guan)(guan)(guan)卻(que)取用相同(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)徑，兩(liang)側(ce)水(shui)力不(bu)平衡(heng)，難以按設計流量進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分配。
3、排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)統(tong)設(she)計不(bu)合理如某(mou)工(gong)(gong)程地下室(shi)的(de)暗廁(衛生問)等(deng)若(ruo)干個生活(huo)用(yong)房和設(she)備用(yong)房設(she)～排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)統(tong)，水平(ping)風(feng)(feng)(feng)管長60m，斷面只有(you)200mm ×200mm，風(feng)(feng)(feng)阻較大(da);選用(yong)屋頂風(feng)(feng)(feng)機排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，卻將(jiang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機安裝在外(wai)墻上，顯得(de)很(hen)不(bu)協調。還有(you)的(de)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)地下室(shi)設(she)若(ruo)干個包聞(均(jun)為暗房)，各包間均(jun)采用(yong)吊頂排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)氣扇，排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)經數十(shi)米長的(de)水平(ping)風(feng)(feng)(feng)管排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)出室(shi)外(wai)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)管斷面僅有(you)150 mm ×l50 mm，阻力大(da)，排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)效果差。 |
